Narratives incorporating this understanding might be termed ludic fiction. Play, he argued, involved free and joyous adherence to absolute order. And in Homo Ludens: Proeve Eener Bepaling Van Het Spel-Element Der Cultuur ( 1938 trans R F C Hull as Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play-Element in Culture 1949), he suggests from the darkening but not yet apocalyptic perspective of 1938 Netherlands that (within its terms) an utterly serious, essential (and essentially nondamaging) element of formal and (less importantly) informal play was inherent in the formation of human groupings and that a healthy civilization must be capable of acknowledging and praising that element of play. In Herfsttij der Middeleeuwen: Studie over Levens- en Gedachtenvormen der 14de en 15de Eeuw in Frankrijk en de Nederlanden ( 1919 cut trans Frits Hopman as The Waning of the Middle Ages 1924 full trans Diane Webb as Autumntide of the Middle Ages 2020), an emphasis on aesthetically heightened romantic courtesy and chivalry as a bastion against Decadence proved indirectly influential on writers like Poul Anderson, and in its concentration on Burgundy may have directly helped shape Mary Gentle's Ash sequence. (1872-1945) Dutch historian, linguist, and philosopher who is best known internationally for two books.
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